**Understanding the intricate web of power in Iran is crucial for anyone seeking to grasp the country's domestic and foreign policies. Far from a simple presidential democracy, Iran operates under a unique system that blends democratic elements with theocratic oversight, creating a complex hierarchy where ultimate authority rests with a single, unelected figure. This article delves into who are the leaders of Iran, exploring the roles, responsibilities, and influence of the key figures and institutions that shape the nation.** **From its foundational Islamic Revolution in 1979 to the present day, Iran's leadership structure has evolved, yet its core principles remain rooted in the vision of its revolutionary founders. Navigating this landscape requires an appreciation for both the symbolic and practical dimensions of power, where elected officials operate within the confines set by a supreme religious authority. Join us as we unravel the layers of Iranian leadership, shedding light on the individuals and bodies that govern this strategically important nation.** --- ## Table of Contents * [The Unique Dual Leadership: Supreme Leader vs. President](#the-unique-dual-leadership-supreme-leader-vs-president) * [Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini: The Architect of the Islamic Republic](#ayatollah-ruhollah-khomeini-the-architect-of-the-islamic-republic) * [Biography](#biography) * [Khomeini's Legacy and Vision](#khomeinis-legacy-and-vision) * [Ayatollah Ali Khamenei: The Enduring Authority](#ayatollah-ali-khamenei-the-enduring-authority) * [Biography](#biography-khamenei) * [Khamenei's Grip on Power](#khameneis-grip-on-power) * [The Role of the President: Iran's Public Face](#the-role-of-the-president-irans-public-face) * [The Legislative Branch: Iran's Majlis](#the-legislative-branch-irans-majlis) * [The Guardian Council and Expediency Council: Checks on Power](#the-guardian-council-and-expediency-council-checks-on-power) * [The Military and Security Apparatus: Under the Supreme Leader's Command](#the-military-and-security-apparatus-under-the-supreme-leaders-command) * [The Future of Iranian Leadership](#the-future-of-iranian-leadership) --- ## The Unique Dual Leadership: Supreme Leader vs. President At the very top of Iran's power structure lies a unique dual leadership system. Unlike most countries where a single head of state or government holds ultimate power, Iran divides these roles, albeit with a clear hierarchy. The post of Supreme Leader, or Rahbar, holds the ultimate authority, overseeing virtually all functions of government either directly or indirectly. This position was instituted in 1979 with the creation of Iran’s Islamic Republic, blending democratic elements with theocratic oversight from Islamic clerics of the Twelver Shiʿi sect. In contrast, the President of Iran is the highest popularly elected official in the country, functioning as the head of government. While the president represents the face of Iranian foreign policy to the world, their actions are always within the confines set by the Rahbar, or Supreme Leader. The post is often dismissed as ceremonial—and indeed, in the first decade after the Islamic Revolution (1979), most government policy was carried out by either the Supreme Leader or the Prime Minister (a post later abolished). This fundamental distinction is key to understanding who are the leaders of Iran and how power truly operates. ## Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini: The Architect of the Islamic Republic The foundation of modern Iranian leadership begins with Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, a prominent Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader. He is unequivocally the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, having led the Iranian Revolution that overthrew the monarchy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. ### Biography | Attribute | Details
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